Factors Affecting the Perception and Practice of Iranian Nomadic and Semi-Nomadic Pastoralists in Regard to Biosecurity Practices in Sheep and Goat Farms: A Cross-Sectional and Prospective Study

Preventing the spread of diseases between and within farms (biosecurity) is essential for minimizing animal mortality morbidity, as well reducing risk zoonotic diseases. These effects are even greater in countries such Iran, which have to deal with multiple ongoing epidemics infectious disease. However, there currently no published information about biosecurity practices on sheep goat Iran research. The aim this study was collect identify some factors affecting practices. Data were gathered using a checklist in-depth interviews 99 nomadic semi-nomadic pastoralists. Regression analysis used relationships collected variables scores. results showed that neither within- nor between-farm disease prevention measures appropriately applied most (median total score 37.3/90; Q1 = 29.0 Q3 44.7). Almost all farmers reported slaughtering animals nobody properly disposed bodies dead animals. Additionally, majority participants did not disinfect umbilical cords newborns. Of variables, annual rate associated within-farm increase rates regular cleaning troughs (p 0.03), preventing feed water from being contaminated by urine feces 0.02), providing clean dry place rest 0.05) disinfecting navel cord 0.03). survey suggest clear need extension programs enhance Iranian farmers’ perceptions regarding measures.